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- Physical Examination
- • Careful visual and manual inspection of the external genitalia, anus and groin lymph nodes is crucial.
- • Because of the association with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix and vagina, a careful pelvic
- examination is also necessary.
- • The majority of squamous cell carcinomas arise on the labia majora and minora and are frequently associated
- with vulvar dystrophy. The clitoris, outer vagina and the skin between the vagina and anus (perineum) may
- also be involved.
-
- Endoscopy and Biopsy
- • The definitive diagnosis is made on a biopsy, sometimes under colposcopic direction (magnification) for
- smaller lesions.
- • Upon diagnosis, a metastatic work-up is done, including a chest x-ray, CT scan of the pelvis and abdomen
- (occasionally), cystoscopy and proctoscopy (occasionally), a complete blood count and serum liver and
- kidney function tests.
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